Maximization of quadruple phase boundary for alkaline membrane fuel cell using non-stoichiometric α-MnO2 as cathode catalyst

Oxygen can only be reduced at the quadruple phase boundary (catalyst, carbon support, ionomer and oxygen) of the cathode catalyst layer with non-conducting electrocatalyst. To maximize the quadruple phase boundary sites is crucial to increase the peak power density of each membrane electrode assembly. The quadruple phase boundary is depending on the ratio of catalyst, carbon support and ionomer. The loading of catalyst layer is also crucial to the fuel cell performance. In this study, non-stoichiometric α-MnO₂ manganese dioxide nanorod material has been synthesized and the ratios of carbon, ionomer and catalyst loadings were optimized in alkaline membrane fuel cell. In total, ten membrane electrode assemblies have been manufactured and tested. Taguchi design method has been applied in order to understand the effect of each parameter. The conclusion finds out the ionomer has more influence on the alkaline membrane fuel cell peak power performance than carbon and loading.     

转底炉处理赤泥工艺技术

为了综合利用氧化铝冶炼产生的赤泥，探索在转底炉中直接还原赤泥、磨矿磁选获得高品位直接还原铁。通过实验室试验摸索了转底炉还原工艺参数，并在转底炉工业试验线进行了工业试验。实验室结果表明，赤泥还原后的直接还原铁(DRI)金属化率可达88.6%，磁选后的铁品位可达82.1%，磁选后的铁回收率可达88.9%。工业试验中，转底炉还原后，产品金属化率平均为69.2%，将还原后的DRI磁选获得高品位的DRI产品，磁选后DRI的铁品位为72.8%，磁选后铁回收率达到了85.2%,初步打通了在转底炉中还原赤泥、磁选的工艺路径。     

The isothermal reduction kinetics of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter

The reduction of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter (CVTMS) by CO was investigated at 1123–1223?K. The reduction degree increased with increasing temperature. The isothermal reduction kinetics of CVTMS was analysed, according to Sharp analysis and ln–ln analysis, the kinetic mechanism of reduction process for all samples in different basicity can be represented as f(α)?=?1.61(1?α)[?ln(1?α)]^1–1/1.61. The reaction activation energy of all samples (R?=?1.9, 2.1, 2.3, obtained according to the components of the materials burdening used in sintering process) at different reaction degrees were calculated by the model-free method. And the pre-exponential factors of reaction also were calculated by the mathematical method. The rate controlling step for the reduction process under the present reduction condition was chemical reaction.     

稀土La2O3改性脲醛树脂的黏度特性研究

脲醛树脂(UF树脂)胶黏剂具有胶合强度高、制作简单、成本低廉、原料来源丰富等一系列特点,成为我国人造板生产的主要胶种,是市场上需求量最大的胶黏剂之一。但由于在固化时会放出刺激性的甲醛,游离甲醛高,在使用时严重危害人的健康。近年来,随着人们环保意识的提高,生产和使用低毒UF树脂胶势在必行。本文介绍了稀土氧化镧对脲醛树脂的改性过程并对改性后脲醛树脂胶的各项性能进行了测试。本实验通过在不同反应阶段加入稀土氧化镧,分别探讨它们对脲醛树脂胶黏剂性能影响。实验表明:在脲醛树脂胶中加入稀土氧化镧可以增加黏度、固化时间、固含量,并可以减少游离甲醛释放量。     

提高新疆准东露天煤成浆性的实验研究

为提高准东露天煤的成浆性能,利用宽沟煤、乌东煤、北山煤、黑山煤、红沙泉煤5种煤与准东露天煤进行了混合制浆实验,考察了各单种煤的成浆性能以及单种煤最高成浆浓度条件下混合制浆的煤浆性能。单一准东露天煤浆的成浆性研究表明:准东露天煤单独制浆时,在添加剂添加率3‰下,煤浆最高质量分数为47%,黏度650 mPa·s,但煤浆流动性和稳定性一般。与不同种煤混合制浆研究表明:准东露天煤与宽沟煤、黑山煤容易混合成浆,煤浆的浓度、流动性、稳定性均有明显提高;在准东露天煤与宽沟煤、黑山煤质量比5∶5时,煤浆质量分数可达57%,可满足水煤浆气化炉生产对煤浆的要求。     

Highly efficient supported AlCl3-based cationic catalysts to produce polyα-olefin oil base stocks

The main aim of this research is to decrease the amount of AlCl₃ content that is very corrosive and hazardous in the catalytic system, required for the α-olefin oligomerization without substantial change of final oil features. This was successfully achieved by supporting AlCl₃ on different carriers. More precisely, a series of supported bimetallic catalysts was synthesized by immobilization of AlCl₃ and TiCl₄ onto Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and mixed supports, that is, Al₂O₃/FeCl₃ and SiO₂/FeCl₃. It was found that silica and alumina-based catalysts had higher catalytic activities compared to support free AlCl₃; however, this enhancement for silica-based supports was more significant. According to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results, the use of single supports, that is, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, increased oligomer's molecular weight, while the application of mixed supports resulted in the decrease of molecular weight of the oligomers. Viscosity characteristics of the synthesized oligomers have also been studied at two different temperatures of 40 and 100°C (KV⁴⁰ and KV¹⁰⁰). The viscosity index (VI) values, derived from KV⁴⁰ and KV¹⁰⁰, of the prepared oligomers were in the range of 126–145. The molecular weight and termination mechanisms of the oligomers were studied by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The obtained results disclosed that the employed reaction conditions led to the production of oligomer chains with various structures including vinylidene (Vd), and di and three-substituted vinylene (2Vn, 3Vn) structures.     

Cavern Boundary Determination with Pseudoplastic Fluid Based on the Apparent Viscosity Method

The cavern characteristics of xanthan gum solutions stirred by impellers of a perturbed six-bent-bladed turbine (6PBT) were investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with laminar flow model. The apparent viscosity method was proposed to determine the boundary of the cavern. The cavern sizes predicted by apparent viscosity were in good agreement with the calculated results, and this method was not influenced by speed and impeller configuration. However, the predicted results of the cavern by the traditional speed method usually displayed a great deviation, especially at high speed. Therefore, it is feasible to determine the cavern boundary with the apparent viscosity, i.e., 0.25 times the yield viscosity of a pseudoplastic fluid, as the unified standard.     

铜基化合物的可见光催化研究进展

与传统贵金属光催化剂相比，铜基光催化剂具有价格低廉、绿色环保、反应条件温和、光催化活性可调节等优势，受到合成化学家们广泛关注。本文简述了铜基催化剂的光催化历史，回顾了近五年来铜基化合物在可见光催化领域的研究成果与进展，总结了铜基催化剂的独立光催化机理与协同光催化机理；简要阐述了铜催化剂在不同类型反应中的应用，重点讨论了铜(Ⅰ)催化剂在烯烃官能化、碳-碳偶联、碳-杂偶联、原位催化等反应中的应用研究，表明铜基化合物在光催化合成领域具有很大的应用潜力。对未来的研究工作进行了展望，指出拓展催化剂的反应适用性、探索催化剂的氧化还原能力、进一步开发催化剂在手性合成中的应用将是该领域的研究重点。     

SNCR脱硝技术在液态排渣煤粉工业锅炉中的应用

为了检验选择性非催化还原（SNCR）脱硝技术在高效低NO_x液态排渣煤粉工业锅炉中的应用效果，本文在一台8.4MW有机热载体锅炉炉膛内开展了SNCR脱硝技术工业化试验研究。选用尿素作为还原剂，搭建了工业化SNCR脱硝试验平台。在10%、15%、20%三种浓度尿素溶液下进行了不同尿素溶液喷射量、不同氧含量、不同锅炉负荷下的SNCR脱硝试验研究。试验结果表明，提出的“低NO_x燃烧+SNCR脱硝”耦合技术方案是可行的，SNCR脱硝效率在80%以上，完全能够达到烟气中NO_x低于50mg/m³的超低排放要求。